{"id":666,"date":"2026-06-16T11:00:11","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T09:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/?p=666"},"modified":"2026-06-16T11:03:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T09:03:41","slug":"autismus-v-mezinarodni-klasifikaci-nemoci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/cs\/autisticke-spektrum\/autismus-v-mezinarodni-klasifikaci-nemoci\/","title":{"rendered":"Autismus v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed klasifikaci nemoc\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Autismus je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch<\/a> t\u00e9mat sou\u010dasn\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 psychiatrie, d\u011btsk\u00e9 neurologie, psychologie i speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagogiky. V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed klasifikaci nemoc\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje autismus<\/a> p\u0159esn\u011b vymezenou diagnostickou kategorii, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje jednotn\u00fd popis obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat mezi zem\u011bmi a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed i soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de. P\u0159esto\u017ee se v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m jazyce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pojem autismus<\/a> velmi \u0161iroce, v odborn\u00e9m kontextu je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozli\u0161ovat mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi diagnostick\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my, zejm\u00e9na mezi star\u0161\u00ed MKN-10 a aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed MKN-11. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zp\u016fsob klasifikace v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje, jak jsou lid\u00e9 s poruchou autistick\u00e9ho spektra vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1ni, jakou podporu dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed a jak je interpretov\u00e1na jejich progn\u00f3za.<\/p>\n

Autismus jako neurov\u00fdvojov\u00e1 porucha<\/h2>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9m pojet\u00ed je autismus ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako neurov\u00fdvojov\u00e1 porucha, tedy stav, jeho\u017e projevy vznikaj\u00ed v ran\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji mozku a ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikaci, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed smyslov\u00fdch podn\u011bt\u016f, flexibilitu chov\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 preference. Nejde o nemoc v tradi\u010dn\u00edm smyslu s jednou jasnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou a jednoduchou l\u00e9\u010dbou. Sp\u00ed\u0161e se jedn\u00e1 o heterogenn\u00ed soubor stav\u016f s r\u016fznou m\u00edrou podpory, od velmi m\u00edrn\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a\u017e po z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 projevy s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm dopadem na ka\u017edodenn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed klasifikace nemoc\u00ed proto nepracuje s jedn\u00edm univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm obrazem autismu, ale s diagnostick\u00fdm r\u00e1mcem, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zachytit \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum projev\u016f.<\/p>\n

Z odborn\u00e9ho hlediska je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee klasifikace nen\u00ed pouh\u00fdm administrativn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem. Je z\u00e1kladem pro klinick\u00e9 rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, epidemiologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, financov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de i komunikaci mezi odborn\u00edky. Pokud je autismus za\u0159azen do ur\u010dit\u00e9 kapitoly klasifikace, nen\u00ed to pouze form\u00e1ln\u00ed krok, ale v\u00fdsledek dlouhodob\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje pozn\u00e1n\u00ed. Historicky se ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed autismu m\u011bnilo od psychogenn\u00edch interpretac\u00ed k neurov\u00fdvojov\u00e9mu modelu, co\u017e se prom\u00edtlo i do terminologie a diagnostick\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed v jednotliv\u00fdch reviz\u00edch MKN.<\/p>\n

Autismus v MKN-10: pervazivn\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 poruchy<\/h2>\n

V klasifikaci MKN-10 byl autismus za\u0159azen do skupiny pervazivn\u00edch v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch poruch. Tato kategorie zahrnovala n\u011bkolik jednotek, nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u011btsk\u00fd autismus, atypick\u00fd autismus, Rett\u016fv syndrom, jin\u00e9 dezintegra\u010dn\u00ed poruchy v d\u011btstv\u00ed, hyperaktivn\u00ed poruchu s ment\u00e1ln\u00ed retardac\u00ed a stereotypn\u00edmi pohyby a Asperger\u016fv syndrom. V praxi to znamenalo, \u017ee autistick\u00e9 projevy byly rozd\u011bleny do v\u00edce relativn\u011b samostatn\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hranice mezi nimi nebyly v\u017edy zcela ostr\u00e9.<\/p>\n

D\u011btsk\u00fd autismus v MKN-10<\/h3>\n

D\u011btsk\u00fd autismus byl v MKN-10 definov\u00e1n jako porucha s n\u00e1stupem p\u0159ed t\u0159et\u00edm rokem \u017eivota, kter\u00e1 se projevovala kvalitativn\u00edmi odchylkami v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed interakci, komunikaci a omezen\u00fdm, stereotypn\u00edm reperto\u00e1rem z\u00e1jm\u016f a \u010dinnost\u00ed. Diagn\u00f3za vy\u017eadovala pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasn\u00fd za\u010d\u00e1tek symptom\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 byla do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na tom, jak p\u0159esn\u011b byly projevy rozpozn\u00e1ny v ran\u00e9m d\u011btstv\u00ed. To v praxi vedlo k tomu, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jedinci s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi autistick\u00fdmi rysy, ale pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm nebo m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1padn\u00fdm n\u00e1stupem, byli za\u0159azov\u00e1ni do jin\u00fdch kategori\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad atypick\u00e9ho autismu.<\/p>\n

Asperger\u016fv syndrom a jeho sporn\u00e9 hranice<\/h3>\n

Asperger\u016fv syndrom byl v MKN-10 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako samostatn\u00e1 jednotka bez klinicky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed \u0159e\u010di nebo kognitivn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje. Tato kategorie byla velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro mnoho dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch a dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti, av\u0161ak jejich intelekt a jazykov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj byly v norm\u011b nebo nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak byla tato diagn\u00f3za v praxi \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na nejednotn\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b ji stanovovala pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto, jin\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e vedlo k rozd\u00edl\u016fm v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato nejednotnost byla jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed klasifikace p\u0159iklonily k \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu konceptu poruchy autistick\u00e9ho spektra.<\/p>\n

Autismus v MKN-11: porucha autistick\u00e9ho spektra<\/h2>\n

MKN-11 p\u0159inesla z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bnu. Nam\u00edsto v\u00edce odd\u011blen\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednotn\u00e1 kategorie porucha autistick\u00e9ho spektra, kter\u00e1 l\u00e9pe odpov\u00edd\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed o kontinuu projev\u016f. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 formy autismu maj\u00ed mnoho spole\u010dn\u00fdch znak\u016f a li\u0161\u00ed se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm m\u00edrou podpory, jazykov\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem, intelektov\u00fdm profilem a p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch komorbidit. Z hlediska klinick\u00e9 praxe je to krok sm\u011brem k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehlednosti a men\u0161\u00ed diagnostick\u00e9 fragmentaci.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed diagnostick\u00e9 oblasti<\/h3>\n

Diagnostick\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria MKN-11 se soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na dv\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 oblasti. Prvn\u00ed oblast\u00ed jsou trval\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikaci a interakci, kter\u00e9 se mohou projevovat nap\u0159\u00edklad omezen\u00fdm sd\u00edlen\u00edm emoc\u00ed, pot\u00ed\u017eemi s recipro\u010dn\u00ed konverzac\u00ed, nesn\u00e1zemi v navazov\u00e1n\u00ed a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vztah\u016f nebo odli\u0161n\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm neverb\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace. Druhou oblast\u00ed jsou omezen\u00e9, repetitivn\u00ed a rigidn\u00ed vzorce chov\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u00e1jm\u016f nebo aktivit, v\u010detn\u011b pot\u0159eby rutiny, specifick\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f, stereotypn\u00edch pohyb\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 \u010di sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 citlivosti na smyslov\u00e9 podn\u011bty.<\/p>\n

D\u016fraz na funk\u010dn\u00ed dopad<\/h4>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm rysem MKN-11 je d\u016fraz na funk\u010dn\u00ed dopad obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Nesta\u010d\u00ed pouze p\u0159\u00edtomnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch znak\u016f autismu; je t\u0159eba posoudit, zda symptomy ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed, vztahy, \u0161koln\u00ed nebo pracovn\u00ed v\u00fdkon a adaptaci v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. Tento princip je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd zejm\u00e9na u osob s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kognitivn\u00ed rezervou, u nich\u017e mohou b\u00fdt projevy m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1padn\u00e9, ale p\u0159esto v\u00fdznamn\u011b zat\u011b\u017euj\u00ed psychickou pohodu a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed integraci.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d se klasifikace zm\u011bnila<\/h2>\n

P\u0159echod od MKN-10 k MKN-11 nebyl pouze technickou \u00fapravou. Odr\u00e1\u017eel zm\u011bnu v tom, jak medic\u00edna rozum\u00ed autismu. V\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee rozd\u00edly mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi podtypy nejsou v\u017edy biologicky ostr\u00e9 a \u017ee mnoho lid\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi diagnostick\u00fdmi ozna\u010den\u00edmi. Jednotn\u00e1 kategorie poruchy autistick\u00e9ho spektra proto l\u00e9pe odpov\u00edd\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e9 variabilit\u011b klinick\u00e9ho obrazu. Tento posun tak\u00e9 zlep\u0161uje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed srovnatelnost dat a usnad\u0148uje v\u00fdzkum prevalence, etiologie i efektivity intervenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem byla snaha sn\u00ed\u017eit administrativn\u00ed i diagnostickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e. D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed na v\u00edce podtyp\u016f mohlo v\u00e9st ke zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm spor\u016fm o to, zda jde o atypick\u00fd autismus, Asperger\u016fv syndrom nebo d\u011btsk\u00fd autismus. V nov\u00e9 klasifikaci je j\u00e1drem vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed m\u00edra obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a pot\u0159eba podpory, nikoli p\u0159esn\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed do \u00fazk\u00e9 podkategorie. To je v souladu s modern\u00edm medic\u00ednsk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem, kter\u00fd respektuje individu\u00e1ln\u00ed profil pacienta.<\/p>\n

Diagnostika autismu v klinick\u00e9 praxi<\/h2>\n

Stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy autismu vy\u017eaduje komplexn\u00ed, multidisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. Neexistuje jedin\u00fd laboratorn\u00ed test ani zobrazovac\u00ed metoda, kter\u00e1 by autismus spolehliv\u011b potvrdila. Z\u00e1kladem je podrobn\u00fd v\u00fdvojov\u00fd a rodinn\u00fd anamnestick\u00fd rozhovor, klinick\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, hodnocen\u00ed komunikace, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed reciprocity, chov\u00e1n\u00ed a adaptace, a v \u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f tak\u00e9 standardizovan\u00e9 diagnostick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 postupy pat\u0159\u00ed strukturovan\u00e9 rozhovory s rodi\u010di, behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a psychologick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed diagnostika<\/h3>\n

V\u010dasn\u00e1 a p\u0159esn\u00e1 diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed diagnostika je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, proto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 projevy autismu mohou p\u0159ipom\u00ednat jin\u00e9 neurov\u00fdvojov\u00e9 nebo psychick\u00e9 poruchy. Diferenci\u00e1ln\u011b diagnosticky je t\u0159eba zva\u017eovat nap\u0159\u00edklad poruchy \u0159e\u010di a jazyka, poruchu pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, intelektov\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed, \u00fazkostn\u00e9 poruchy, obsedantn\u011b-kompulzivn\u00ed poruchu nebo n\u00e1sledky ran\u00e9 deprivace. U dosp\u011bl\u00fdch je situace \u010dasto slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee se autistick\u00e9 rysy mohou p\u0159ekr\u00fdvat s dlouhodob\u011b nediagnostikovan\u00fdmi komunika\u010dn\u00edmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi, depresivitou nebo soci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fazkost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Komorbidity a jejich v\u00fdznam<\/h3>\n

Autismus se velmi \u010dasto vyskytuje sou\u010dasn\u011b s dal\u0161\u00edmi stavy, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed klinick\u00fd obraz i pot\u0159ebu podpory. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komorbidity pat\u0159\u00ed porucha pozornosti, \u00fazkostn\u00e9 poruchy, poruchy sp\u00e1nku, epilepsie, v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 poruchy \u0159e\u010di a r\u016fzn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 formy intelektov\u00e9ho posti\u017een\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edtomnost komorbidit m\u016f\u017ee maskovat autistick\u00e9 projevy nebo naopak v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee jsou autistick\u00e9 rysy interpretov\u00e1ny jako jin\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 hodnotit pacienta celostn\u011b a nep\u0159isuzovat v\u0161echny obt\u00ed\u017ee jedn\u00e9 jedin\u00e9 diagn\u00f3ze.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznam klasifikace pro podporu, \u0161kolu a rodinu<\/h2>\n

Za\u0159azen\u00ed autismu v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed klasifikaci nemoc\u00ed m\u00e1 bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed dopad na ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot rodin. Diagn\u00f3za m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159\u00edt cestu ke specializovan\u00e9 intervenci, reedukaci, podpo\u0159e ve \u0161kole, soci\u00e1ln\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m i kompenza\u010dn\u00edm mechanism\u016fm. Sou\u010dasn\u011b je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby diagn\u00f3za nebyla vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako n\u00e1lepka, ale jako n\u00e1stroj k porozum\u011bn\u00ed pot\u0159eb\u00e1m konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka. U d\u011bt\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v\u010dasn\u00e9 stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy nastavovat eduka\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 respektuje senzorickou citlivost, pot\u0159ebu struktury a odli\u0161n\u00e9 tempo u\u010den\u00ed. U dosp\u011bl\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee diagn\u00f3za p\u0159in\u00e9st vysv\u011btlen\u00ed celo\u017eivotn\u00edch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, lep\u0161\u00ed sebeporozum\u011bn\u00ed a c\u00edlenou pomoc v zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed i mezilidsk\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Z hlediska spole\u010dnosti je p\u0159\u00ednos klasifikace je\u0161t\u011b \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed. Umo\u017e\u0148uje pl\u00e1novat kapacity slu\u017eeb, sledovat epidemiologick\u00e9 trendy, vyhodnocovat \u00fa\u010dinnost terapeutick\u00fdch program\u016f a vytv\u00e1\u0159et zdravotn\u00ed politiku zalo\u017eenou na datech. Pokud je autismus v klasifikaci pops\u00e1n jednotn\u011b a p\u0159esn\u011b, mohou instituce l\u00e9pe spolupracovat a poskytovat podporu v souladu s aktu\u00e1ln\u00edmi poznatky. To je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v situaci, kdy po\u010det diagnostikovan\u00fdch osob v mnoha zem\u00edch roste p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky lep\u0161\u00edmu rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoli nutn\u011b proto, \u017ee by se samotn\u00fd stav n\u00e1hle dramaticky m\u011bnil.<\/p>\n

\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n

Je autismus v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed klasifikaci nemoc\u00ed veden jako nemoc?<\/h3>\n

V odborn\u00e9m smyslu jde o diagnostickou kategorii neurov\u00fdvojov\u00e9 poruchy. Nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat autismus jako nemoc s jednoduch\u00fdm vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00edm, ale jako odli\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdvojov\u00fd profil, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat r\u016fznou m\u00edru podpory.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00fd je hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi MKN-10 a MKN-11?<\/h3>\n

MKN-10 rozli\u0161ovala v\u00edce podtyp\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u011btsk\u00fd autismus a Asperger\u016fv syndrom. MKN-11 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednotnou kategorii poruchy autistick\u00e9ho spektra a klade v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na funk\u010dn\u00ed dopad, jazykov\u00fd profil a \u00farove\u0148 podpory.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt autismus diagnostikov\u00e1n i v dosp\u011blosti?<\/h3>\n

Ano. Mnoho lid\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou n\u00e1padnosti obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, z\u00edsk\u00e1 diagn\u00f3zu a\u017e v dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo v dosp\u011blosti. D\u016fvodem b\u00fdv\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed vlastn\u00edch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed odborn\u00e9 pomoci nebo rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed komorbidit, kter\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed obraz zakr\u00fdvaly.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je p\u0159esn\u00e1 klasifikace d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro rodiny?<\/h3>\n

Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 klasifikace usnad\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edstup ke slu\u017eb\u00e1m, \u0161koln\u00ed podpo\u0159e, terapi\u00edm i soci\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u00e1vk\u00e1m. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 rodin\u00e1m l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt pot\u0159eb\u00e1m d\u00edt\u011bte a pl\u00e1novat dlouhodobou podporu zalo\u017eenou na skute\u010dn\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00edch, nikoli na domn\u011bnk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Porozum\u011bn\u00ed tomu, jak je autismus vymezen v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed klasifikaci nemoc\u00ed, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nejen pro odborn\u00edky, ale i pro rodi\u010de, pedagogy a samotn\u00e9 autistick\u00e9 osoby. Klasifikace toti\u017e neur\u010duje hodnotu \u010dlov\u011bka; pouze poskytuje jazyk, d\u00edky n\u011bmu\u017e lze p\u0159esn\u011bji popsat odli\u0161nosti, l\u00e9pe organizovat p\u00e9\u010di a vytv\u00e1\u0159et prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u0159eby nest\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou d\u016fstojn\u00e9ho a plnohodnotn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Bibliografie<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10)<\/i>. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992.<\/li>\n
  2. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11): Mortality and Morbidity Statistics<\/i>. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2019.<\/li>\n
  3. World Health Organization. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics<\/i>. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2022.<\/li>\n
  4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition<\/i>. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.<\/li>\n
  5. Lai, M.-C., Lombardo, M. V., Baron-Cohen, S. Autism. The Lancet<\/i>, 2014, 383(9920), 896\u2013910.<\/li>\n
  6. Happ\u00e9, F., Frith, U. Annual Research Review: Looking back to look forward\u2014changes in the concept of autism and implications for future research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry<\/i>, 2020, 61(3), 218\u2013232.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Autismus je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mat sou\u010dasn\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 psychiatrie, d\u011btsk\u00e9 neurologie, psychologie i speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagogiky. V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed klasifikaci nemoc\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje autismus p\u0159esn\u011b vymezenou diagnostickou kategorii, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje jednotn\u00fd popis obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat mezi zem\u011bmi a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed i soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de. 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