{"id":560,"date":"2026-06-16T10:51:35","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:51:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/?p=560"},"modified":"2026-06-16T10:51:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:51:35","slug":"maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/cs\/autisticke-spektrum\/maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii\/","title":{"rendered":"Maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s autismem empatii?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ot\u00e1zka, zda maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s autismem empatii, pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejv\u00edce zjednodu\u0161ovan\u00e9 soudy o autismu<\/a>. Ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debat\u011b se st\u00e1le objevuje p\u0159edstava, \u017ee autismus znamen\u00e1 chlad, nez\u00e1jem o druh\u00e9 nebo neschopnost citov\u00e9ho pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak ukazuje mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obraz. Empatie nen\u00ed jednotn\u00e1 schopnost a u lid\u00ed na autistick\u00e9m spektru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rozvinuta jinak, ne\u017e jak ji obvykle posuzuje v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e1 spole\u010dnost. Rozd\u00edl mezi t\u00edm, co \u010dlov\u011bk c\u00edt\u00ed, co dok\u00e1\u017ee rozpoznat a jak to um\u00ed projevit navenek, je pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed tomuto t\u00e9matu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Co je empatie a pro\u010d z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na p\u0159esn\u00e9m vymezen\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Empatie se v psychologii obvykle ch\u00e1pe jako schopnost vn\u00edmat a z\u010d\u00e1sti sd\u00edlet vnit\u0159n\u00ed stav druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. V praxi v\u0161ak nejde o jednu dovednost, ale o soubor proces\u016f, kter\u00e9<\/a> zahrnuj\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed emoc\u00ed, jejich pochopen\u00ed, emo\u010dn\u00ed rezonanci i vhodnou reakci. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto nelze jednodu\u0161e \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk empatii m\u00e1 nebo nem\u00e1. Je t\u0159eba rozli\u0161ovat mezi n\u011bkolika slo\u017ekami empatie a tak\u00e9 mezi empati\u00ed, soucitem a soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi dovednostmi.<\/p>\n

Kognitivn\u00ed empatie<\/h3>\n

Kognitivn\u00ed empatie ozna\u010duje schopnost odhadnout, co druh\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mysl\u00ed, c\u00edt\u00ed nebo pot\u0159ebuje. Op\u00edr\u00e1 se o interpretaci soci\u00e1ln\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f, mimiky, t\u00f3nu hlasu a kontextu situace. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed s autismem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tato slo\u017eka n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pokud je situace nejednozna\u010dn\u00e1, rychl\u00e1 nebo zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 mnoha podn\u011bty. To ale neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee dan\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk nech\u00e1pe druh\u00e9 v\u016fbec. \u010casto jen pot\u0159ebuje v\u00edce \u010dasu, jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1ly<\/a> nebo p\u0159\u00edm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komunikaci.<\/p>\n

Afektivn\u00ed empatie<\/h3>\n

Afektivn\u00ed empatie souvis\u00ed s emo\u010dn\u00ed rezonanc\u00ed, tedy s t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk druh\u00e9mu do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry citov\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1. M\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad o znepokojen\u00ed p\u0159i pohledu na bolest druh\u00e9ho nebo o radost z jeho \u00fasp\u011bchu. V\u00fdzkumy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee afektivn\u00ed empatie u mnoha lid\u00ed s autismem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zachov\u00e1na, a n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dokonce velmi intenzivn\u00ed. Pokud v\u0161ak chyb\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed situaci, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt tato citlivost okol\u00edm rozpozn\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

Empatie a soucit nejsou toto\u017en\u00e9<\/h3>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 mezi empati\u00ed a soucitem. \u010clov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee emocion\u00e1ln\u011b siln\u011b reagovat na utrpen\u00ed druh\u00e9ho, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00edt pot\u00ed\u017ee s t\u00edm, jak adekv\u00e1tn\u011b pomoci. Naopak n\u011bkdo m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit chladn\u011b, a p\u0159esto jednat velmi ohledupln\u011b a podporuj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. V kontextu autismu je proto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 neposuzovat empatii pouze podle vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho projevu, proto\u017ee ten m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bn maskov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u00fazkost\u00ed nebo odli\u0161n\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d se objevuje m\u00fdtus o absenci empatie u autismu<\/h2>\n

M\u00fdtus o tom, \u017ee lid\u00e9 s autismem nemaj\u00ed empatii, vznikl z n\u011bkolika zdroj\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z nich je historick\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odborn\u00e9 i laick\u00e9 pozornosti na viditeln\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti v komunikaci. Pokud n\u011bkdo neudr\u017euje o\u010dn\u00ed kontakt, nereaguje okam\u017eit\u011b nebo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b obvykl\u00e9 neverb\u00e1ln\u00ed projevy, b\u00fdv\u00e1 snadno myln\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za necitliv\u00e9ho. Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee pouze komunikovat jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e1 spole\u010dnost neum\u00ed snadno dek\u00f3dovat.<\/p>\n

Rozd\u00edly v neverb\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikaci<\/h3>\n

Neverb\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1ly hraj\u00ed v mezilidsk\u00e9 komunikaci d\u016fle\u017eitou roli, ale nejsou univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 s autismem vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed z\u00e1jem p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi slovy, detailn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami nebo konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jejich mimika \u010di gesto mohou p\u016fsobit m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b. Z toho m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout myln\u00fd dojem, \u017ee emoce chyb\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti jde \u010dasto o odli\u0161n\u00fd zp\u016fsob k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed a dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, nikoli o nep\u0159\u00edtomnost vztahov\u00e9ho pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Maskov\u00e1n\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fanava<\/h3>\n

\u0158ada autistick\u00fdch lid\u00ed se nau\u010d\u00ed maskovat sv\u00e9 projevy, aby l\u00e9pe zapadli do soci\u00e1ln\u00edch o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Dlouhodob\u00e9 maskov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed a k tomu, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk p\u016fsob\u00ed odta\u017eit\u011bji, ne\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti je. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fanava nav\u00edc sni\u017euje schopnost rychle reagovat na emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1ly. Okol\u00ed si pak snadno vysv\u011btl\u00ed zdr\u017eenlivost jako nez\u00e1jem, i kdy\u017e jde sp\u00ed\u0161e o d\u016fsledek kognitivn\u00edho p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nebo snahy zvl\u00e1dnout n\u00e1ro\u010dnou situaci.<\/p>\n

Double empathy problem<\/h3>\n

Velmi vlivn\u00fdm konceptem posledn\u00edch let je takzvan\u00fd double empathy problem, tedy probl\u00e9m dvoj\u00ed empatie. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee komunika\u010dn\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee mezi autistick\u00fdmi a neautistick\u00fdmi lidmi nejsou jednostrann\u00e9. Nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed vznik\u00e1 na obou stran\u00e1ch, proto\u017ee ob\u011b skupiny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby interpretace soci\u00e1ln\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f. M\u00edsto ot\u00e1zky, co je na lidech s autismem \u0161patn\u011b, se tedy v\u00fdzkum pt\u00e1, jak jsou nastaveny soci\u00e1ln\u00ed normy v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a pro\u010d je komunikace mezi rozd\u00edln\u00fdmi neurotypy tak \u010dasto asymetrick\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Co ukazuj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy<\/h2>\n

Empirick\u00e9 studie potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee obraz empatie u autismu je heterogenn\u00ed. Nelze jej shrnout jednou v\u011btou ani jedn\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na v\u011bku, intelektu, m\u00ed\u0159e podpory, komorbidit\u00e1ch, m\u00ed\u0159e \u00fazkosti i na samotn\u00e9 metod\u011b v\u00fdzkumu. N\u011bkter\u00e9 testy zachycuj\u00ed schopnost rychle rozpoznat emoci z v\u00fdrazu obli\u010deje, jin\u00e9 sleduj\u00ed ochotu pomoci nebo subjektivn\u00ed pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ciz\u00edho utrpen\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky se proto mohou li\u0161it, ani\u017e by si nutn\u011b odporovaly.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky nejsou jednotn\u00e9<\/h3>\n

\u010c\u00e1st studi\u00ed ukazuje slab\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon v \u00faloh\u00e1ch vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch rychl\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed odvozov\u00e1n\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o komplexn\u00ed nebo nejednozna\u010dn\u00e9 situace. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se ale opakovan\u011b objevuj\u00ed n\u00e1lezy vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed citlivosti na nespravedlnost, siln\u00e9 emo\u010dn\u00ed reakce na bolest druh\u00fdch nebo v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 loajalita k bl\u00edzk\u00fdm lidem. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee empatie m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u autismu p\u0159\u00edtomna, jen se neprojevuje standardizovan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd v\u011bt\u0161ina test\u016f o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Vliv alexithymie a \u00fazkosti<\/h3>\n

Do obrazu empatie u autismu vstupuje i alexithymie, tedy obt\u00ed\u017enost rozpoznat a pojmenovat vlastn\u00ed emoce. Ta se vyskytuje nejen u autistick\u00fdch lid\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017ee jejich emo\u010dn\u00ed pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b komplikovat. Pokud \u010dlov\u011bk s\u00e1m p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u00ed, co c\u00edt\u00ed, je pro n\u011bj n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ur\u010dit, co c\u00edt\u00ed druh\u00fd, a je\u0161t\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vhodn\u011b reagovat. Podobn\u011b \u00fazkost m\u016f\u017ee z\u00fa\u017eit pozornost na vlastn\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017eit kapacitu pro jemn\u00e9 zachycen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch nuanc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Stres a smyslov\u00e9 p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/h3>\n

V p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se m\u011bn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed. Hluk, sv\u011btlo, doteky nebo mno\u017estv\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch podn\u011bt\u016f mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit dostupn\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed zdroje natolik, \u017ee empatie nen\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u00e1 navenek. To neznamen\u00e1 jej\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtomnost. Sp\u00ed\u0161e jde o to, \u017ee nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m je v danou chv\u00edli zam\u011b\u0159en na regulaci a ochranu, nikoli na citliv\u00e9 vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed jemn\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f. Proto je nespravedliv\u00e9 hodnotit empatii podle chov\u00e1n\u00ed ve stresu bez znalosti kontextu.<\/p>\n

Jak se empatie projevuje v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\n

V ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b m\u016f\u017ee empatie lid\u00ed s autismem vypadat jinak, ne\u017e spole\u010dnost o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1. N\u011bkdo nab\u00eddne praktickou pomoc, jin\u00fd si p\u0159esn\u011b zapamatuje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 detaily o pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, dal\u0161\u00ed bude citliv\u011b reagovat na nespravedlnost nebo utrpen\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. Tyto projevy mohou b\u00fdt m\u00e9n\u011b ok\u00e1zal\u00e9, ale nejsou m\u00e9n\u011b hodnotn\u00e9. \u010casto jsou naopak velmi up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9, konzistentn\u00ed a zalo\u017een\u00e9 na hlubok\u00e9m smyslu pro spravedlnost a p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost.<\/p>\n

V rodin\u011b a ve vztaz\u00edch<\/h3>\n

V rodinn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee autistick\u00fd \u010dlen rodiny neodhadne spr\u00e1vn\u00fd okam\u017eik pro \u00fat\u011bchu nebo nepou\u017eije o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 slova podpory. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee mu na druh\u00fdch nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Mnoho autistick\u00fdch lid\u00ed vyjad\u0159uje n\u00e1klonnost skrze konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010diny, v\u011brnost, p\u00e9\u010di o rutinu nebo p\u0159esnou reakci na pot\u0159eby druh\u00fdch. Pokud se rodina nau\u010d\u00ed tyto sign\u00e1ly \u010d\u00edst, kvalita vztahu se \u010dasto v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve \u0161kole a v pr\u00e1ci<\/h3>\n

Ve \u0161koln\u00edm i pracovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 empatie \u010dasto hodnocena podle toho, zda \u010dlov\u011bk spont\u00e1nn\u011b reaguje o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. To m\u016f\u017ee znev\u00fdhod\u0148ovat jedince, kte\u0159\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u00edce \u010dasu na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed situace. Vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je posuzovat empatii podle dlouhodob\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed: zda je \u010dlov\u011bk spolehliv\u00fd, zda respektuje pot\u0159eby ostatn\u00edch, zda um\u00ed p\u0159ijmout zp\u011btnou vazbu a zda je ochoten hledat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Tyto ukazatele b\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rychl\u00fd dojem z prvn\u00edho setk\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak podporovat porozum\u011bn\u00ed a empatii<\/h2>\n

Porozum\u011bn\u00ed autismu a empatii nelze stav\u011bt na p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed stejn\u011b. Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 je prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 respektuje odli\u0161n\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed styly a sou\u010dasn\u011b d\u00e1v\u00e1 jasnou strukturu. Empatie se rozv\u00edj\u00ed l\u00e9pe tam, kde je \u010dlov\u011bk bezpe\u010dn\u00fd, m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00fd a kde nemus\u00ed neust\u00e1le h\u00e1dat nevy\u0159\u010den\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznamy.<\/p>\n

Respektuj\u00edc\u00ed komunikace<\/h3>\n

Osv\u011bd\u010duje se p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed a srozumiteln\u00e1 komunikace. M\u00edsto nar\u00e1\u017eek a implicitn\u00edch o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 pojmenovat pot\u0159ebu, emoci nebo probl\u00e9m. U autistick\u00fdch lid\u00ed to nevede k ochuzen\u00ed vztahu, ale naopak k jeho zp\u0159ehledn\u011bn\u00ed. Kdy\u017e je komunikace p\u0159esn\u00e1, sni\u017euje se riziko nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed a \u010dlov\u011bk s autismem m\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9pe uk\u00e1zat, co c\u00edt\u00ed i co pot\u0159ebuje.<\/p>\n

\u00daprava prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Empatie nen\u00ed jen ot\u00e1zkou vnit\u0159n\u00ed motivace, ale tak\u00e9 dostupn\u00e9 kapacity. Pokud je \u010dlov\u011bk v hluku, pod tlakem nebo v chaosu, jeho schopnost vn\u00edmat druh\u00e9 kles\u00e1. \u00daprava prost\u0159ed\u00ed, p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost, mo\u017enost pauzy a respekt ke smyslov\u00fdm specifik\u016fm proto podporuj\u00ed i vztahov\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed. V tomto smyslu nen\u00ed podpora empatie odd\u011blena od podpory nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a du\u0161evn\u00ed pohody.<\/p>\n

Nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, ale pt\u00e1t se<\/h3>\n

Jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch krok\u016f je opustit automatick\u00e9 soudy. M\u00edsto interpretace zalo\u017een\u00e9 na stereotypech je vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pt\u00e1t se, co dan\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk skute\u010dn\u011b pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, jak komunikuje soucit a jak\u00e9 podm\u00ednky mu pom\u00e1haj\u00ed b\u00fdt v kontaktu s druh\u00fdmi. Takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd nejen pro autistick\u00e9 lidi, ale pro mezilidsk\u00e9 vztahy obecn\u011b, proto\u017ee p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed rozmanitost lidsk\u00e9ho pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n

Maj\u00ed v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 s autismem stejnou m\u00edru empatie?<\/h4>\n

Ne. Autismus je velmi heterogenn\u00ed a empatie se u jednotliv\u00fdch lid\u00ed li\u0161\u00ed podobn\u011b jako u neautistick\u00e9 populace. Rozd\u00edly mohou b\u00fdt v tom, jak \u010dlov\u011bk emoce rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1, jak je pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a jak je d\u00e1v\u00e1 najevo.<\/p>\n

Znamen\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017e s vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm emoc\u00ed, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk nic nec\u00edt\u00ed?<\/h4>\n

Ne nutn\u011b. Mnoz\u00ed autisti\u010dt\u00ed lid\u00e9 c\u00edt\u00ed emoce velmi siln\u011b, ale jejich vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed projev m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tlumen\u00fd, neobvykl\u00fd nebo opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd. To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d je t\u0159eba hodnotit chov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm kontextu.<\/p>\n

Lze empatii rozv\u00edjet?<\/h4>\n

Ano, zejm\u00e9na pokud je prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 a komunikace jasn\u00e1. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 n\u00e1cvik soci\u00e1ln\u00edch situac\u00ed, podpora seberegulace i respekt k individu\u00e1ln\u00edmu tempu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed podn\u011bt\u016f.<\/p>\n

Je vhodn\u00e9 posuzovat empatii podle o\u010dn\u00edho kontaktu?<\/h4>\n

Ne jako jedin\u00fd ukazatel. O\u010dn\u00ed kontakt je kulturn\u011b i individu\u00e1ln\u011b prom\u011bnliv\u00fd a jeho absence sama o sob\u011b neznamen\u00e1 nedostatek z\u00e1jmu nebo citlivosti.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 mluvit o double empathy problem?<\/h4>\n

Proto\u017ee p\u0159esouv\u00e1 pozornost od jednostrann\u00e9ho obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed k porozum\u011bn\u00ed oboustrann\u00e9mu nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed. Ukazuje, \u017ee komunika\u010dn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry nevznikaj\u00ed jen na stran\u011b autistick\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, ale v interakci mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby soci\u00e1ln\u00edho vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bibliografie<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/em>. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.<\/li>\n
  2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/em>. 5th ed., text rev. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2022.<\/li>\n
  3. Baron-Cohen, Simon. Mindblindness: An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind<\/em>. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.<\/li>\n
  4. Bird, Geoffrey; Cook, Richard. Mixed emotions: the contribution of alexithymia to the emotional symptoms of autism. Translational Psychiatry<\/em>, 2013, 3, e285.<\/li>\n
  5. Decety, Jean; Jackson, Philip L. The functional architecture of human empathy. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews<\/em>, 2004, 3(2), 71\u2013100.<\/li>\n
  6. Milton, Damian E. M. On the ontological status of autism: the double empathy problem. Disability & Society<\/em>, 2012, 27(6), 883\u2013887.<\/li>\n
  7. Rogers, Sally J.; Dawson, Geraldine. Early Start Denver Model for Young Children with Autism: Promoting Language, Learning, and Engagement<\/em>. New York: Guilford Press, 2010.<\/li>\n
  8. Smith, Laura G. E.; Jones, Evan A.; et al. Empathy and autism spectrum conditions: a systematic review of cognitive and affective components. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders<\/em>, 2020, 50(10), 1\u201318.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ot\u00e1zka, zda maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s autismem empatii, pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejv\u00edce zjednodu\u0161ovan\u00e9 soudy o autismu. Ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debat\u011b se st\u00e1le objevuje p\u0159edstava, \u017ee autismus znamen\u00e1 chlad, nez\u00e1jem o druh\u00e9 nebo neschopnost citov\u00e9ho pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak ukazuje mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obraz. Empatie nen\u00ed jednotn\u00e1 schopnost a u lid\u00ed na autistick\u00e9m spektru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rozvinuta … Continue reading Maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s autismem empatii?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":561,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[112,971,1189,1191,159,147,1169,845,151,1193],"class_list":["post-560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-autisticke-spektrum","tag-autismus-cs","tag-autisticke-spektrum-cs","tag-double-empathy-problem-cs","tag-empatie-cs","tag-faq","tag-neurodiverzita-cs","tag-porozumeni-cs","tag-psychologie-cs","tag-socialni-komunikace-cs","tag-vedecky-clanek-cs"],"yoast_head":"\nMaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s autismem empatii? - Mind Indicator<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/cs\/autisticke-spektrum\/maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s autismem empatii? - Mind Indicator\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ot\u00e1zka, zda maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s autismem empatii, pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejv\u00edce zjednodu\u0161ovan\u00e9 soudy o autismu. 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Ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debat\u011b se st\u00e1le objevuje p\u0159edstava, \u017ee autismus znamen\u00e1 chlad, nez\u00e1jem o druh\u00e9 nebo neschopnost citov\u00e9ho pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak ukazuje mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obraz. Empatie nen\u00ed jednotn\u00e1 schopnost a u lid\u00ed na autistick\u00e9m spektru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rozvinuta … Continue reading Maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s autismem empatii?","og_url":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/cs\/autisticke-spektrum\/maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii\/","og_site_name":"Mind Indicator","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/mind.indicator\/","article_published_time":"2026-06-16T08:51:35+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1080,"height":797,"url":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Mind Indicator","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Mind Indicator","Est. reading time":"11 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/cs\/autisticke-spektrum\/maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/cs\/autisticke-spektrum\/maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii\/"},"author":{"name":"Mind Indicator","@id":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/926fdd874d2be79e69505bed7dcb6785"},"headline":"Maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s autismem empatii?","datePublished":"2026-06-16T08:51:35+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/cs\/autisticke-spektrum\/maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii\/"},"wordCount":2257,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/cs\/autisticke-spektrum\/maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii.jpg","keywords":["autismus","autistick\u00e9 spektrum","double empathy problem","empatie","FAQ","neurodiverzita","porozum\u011bn\u00ed","psychologie","soci\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace","v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek"],"articleSection":["Autistick\u00e9 spektrum"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/cs\/autisticke-spektrum\/maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii\/","url":"https:\/\/mind-indicator.com\/blog\/cs\/autisticke-spektrum\/maji-lide-s-autismem-empatii\/","name":"Maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s autismem empatii? 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